Neurology, Addiction and Psychiatry Conference

Neuroplasticity, or brain plasticity, has been defined as the brain's outstanding ability to adapt and change and form novel neural connections throughout life. This concept has transformed our understanding of recovery and learning capabilities of the brain, especially in cases of brain injuries, neurological diseases, and developmental conditions.

Historically, it has been believed that the structure and functions of the brain 'set in stone' beyond a certain age. Modern research has proved this isn't true, and that change or modification of the brain could be possible at any age. Neuroplasticity allows neurons or cells within the brain to compensate for injury, disease, and adapt to new information, sensory experiences, as well as even psychological stress.

Neuroplasticity has been one of the major applications of its properties in the field of neurological rehabilitation. For example, if a stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injuries damage the brain, the neuroplasticity will help ""remap"" or find novel ways to recover lost abilities. Repetitive exercises and cognitive training have become one of the most popular applications of rehabilitation therapies where patients have used different mechanisms to stimulate novel connections to recover lost motor skills, language, and cognition.

Neuroplasticity is used not only to recover from injury but also in the course of learning to perform everyday behaviors as well as to learn new memories. In summary, learning new skills or making new memories strengthens those neural connections within the brain that are necessary for the acquired information. This is known as synapse plasticity, where the strength of the connections between neurons changes to improve communication between neurons.

Areas in neuroplasticity that are of great excitement in research: mental health and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). New therapies-such as mindfulness practices, cognitive-behavioral therapy, for example-for a positive change in the brain that may optimize mental well-being.

Lifestyle factors, including exercise and healthy nutrition, and cognitive stimulation further link to the promotion of neuroplasticity. In essence, learning languages or playing musical instruments keeps the brain active, flexible, and resilient.

With their unrestricted investigations on the vast potential in neuroplasticity, the coming future of neurological treatment is indeed full of promise. Should scientists be able to learn how to harness this natural ability, then the therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's might be put in more effective use, and still, the brain healing capabilities and adaptation powers can be more developed.